Switch Protocols

There are many protocol used for the switch like vtp(VLAN Trunking Protocol),STP(Spanning Tree Protocol).The VTP protocol is used for the Management of the VLAN properties like creating ,deleting VLAN names and control of the interconnection into the VALN.The STP protocol is a protocol that is used to avoid unnecessary traffic in the switch and avoiding loop in the network.You can use the following command to display the spanning tree protocol status-
#show spanning-tree protocol
if you have more than one vlan say vlan1 and vlan 2 then you can use the following command to look at the spanning -tree status for the vlan 2-
#show spanning-tree vlan2
if you to display the active spanning-tree-
#show spanning-tree active
if you want to know the detail information about the spanning-tree then use-
#show spanning-tree detail
and you can use the following command to display the information about the VTP-
#show vtp status

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Switch Commands

I am giving here some of the information regarding the swithc configuration:
1.How to configure switch IP address:
--to configure switch IP address type the following command after entering the configure terminal mode(global mode):
#interface vlan 1
#ip address [ip address] [subnet mask]

2.How to disable the switch IP address:
--if you want to disable the switch Ip address then type the following command:
#interface vlan 1
#no IP address [ip address] [subnet mask]

3.How to configure the switch default gateway:
--if you want to configure the switch default gateway IP then type the following command:
#ip default-gateway [ip address] [subnet mask]

4.How to display switch IP address:
#show interface vlan

5.to display all switch interface:
#show interfaces

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ACL in routers

Routers can be configured with ACL (Access Control List).It is a feature that is added to a router for the security reason. By programming a router with ACL we can permit or deny IP packet flowing through the routers. Or it can be used to permit/deny vty login into the router. There are types of ACL called standard ACL, Extended ACL and Named ACL. These ACL commands are identified with the ACL numbers which you must give in the command line. This division of ACL is made for the network administrator for better flexibility of controlling the packets.
In the standard ACL only the source address is checked of the incoming IP packets and the entire IP protocol is permitted or blocked for the IP packet. In the extended ACL both the source and the destination address is checked and in this ACL you can specify which particular protocol to block or permit like Telnet or FTP or SMTP. The ACL numbers defined for Cisco routers are as follows:
A> 1 to 99/1300 to 1999 for standard ACL
B> 100 to 199/2000 to 2699 for Extended ACL
I hope this information was helpful to you.

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Routing Protocol

Routing Protocols are all dynamic protocols meaning that once you configure the router with routing protocol, the protocol will adjust the router to find the information about the neighboring routers and network. So you can configure a router statically or dynamically. With static you have to enter the information about where to route the packet manually which involves entering the IP address of the destination network and the next router IP address connecting to the destination network. With the dynamic routing the process of entering the information about the destination network is easy. When a router is configured with dynamic routing protocol then the router themselves exchange information about the network topology and how to get the packet to the destination quickly. Example of the dynamic routing protocol are RIP (Routing Information Protocol), IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), EIGRP (Extended Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol.

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Certified Wireless Network Administrator

CWNA is the short form of Certified Wireless Network Administrator. When you learn CWNA you will gain knowledge about antenna, antenna types, the FCC rules, what is FCC, what is UNII band and ISM band, about access points, it’s mode of operation, how to configure access points, what is wireless brides, what is repeaters and configuring them, the connection to wired network segments, about the mathematical calculation involved in wireless networking like dmi, dbm, db and the inter-conversion and so on. There are lots of things that you will learn. As my personal experience it will really make you confident on wireless networking. It will also benefit you if are professionally involved in networking. We should identify that this modern era is the era of wireless networking and therefore if you want to stay at the top of the game you must take courses like CWNA. However it would be great if you have science background because there are many terms in CWNA where need to know science. I don't mean to say that if you don't know science or don't have a background of science you shouldn't take CWNA.I just want to imply that it will be better otherwise you will have many question mark in your head and it will hinder your learning process.

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ACL Command Example

When you use ACL there are few condition that are general.I have included few general examples where and when you can use ACL:
A>For standard ACL
1.permit/deny a particular host through your router.
2.permit/deny a specific subnet thorugh your router.
3.permit/deny a single network to access though your router.
B>For extended ACL:
1.permit/deny specific protocol and permit all other network.
Let me show you with command examples:
eg1:
This command lines will deny one particular host computer with IP address 172.14.4.13 to pass though my router and allow all other to pass through my router.
#configure terminal
#access-list 2 deny 172.14.4.13 0.0.0.0
#access-list 2 permit 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
#interface ethernet 0
#ip access-group 2 out
eg2:
This commands will tell my router to block the traffic from a specific subnet with the IP address-172.14.4.0 and allow to pass all the other traffic on interface ethernet 0.
#configure terminal
#access-list 3 deny 172.14.4.0 0.0.0.255
#access-list 3 permit any
#interface ethernet 0

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Switch Command Overview

There are lots of features in a cisco switch.One of the feature is that you can configure the switch port as an access port or a trunk port.The following command are used in this-
#configure terminal
#switchport mode access
and
#configure terminal
#switchport mode trunk

whenever you have to make change on a port then the following command is used to enter the particulat port-
#configure termminal
#interface fastethernet 0/x (where x is the port number)

and then you have to enter what you want to do with the port.
There are many things that you could do-
1.Give security to the port
2.Assign it as the trunk port
3.Assign it to a vlan
4.Assign it a mac address
etc
Also you can give the switch an IP address and assign it the default gateway.IP address is given to the switch in order to communicate with the switch.You can give the switch an IP address with the following command-
#configure terminal
#interface vlan 1
#ip address [ip address] [subnet mask]
To assign the default gateway to the switch the command is-
#ip default gateway [ip address]

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